Relationship between munera and opus munitionem: the non-tax liens

Abstract

Muneribus and opus munitionem, would be within the unconventional forms of tax contribution in what today we call contributions of the irregular tax regime. These liens on the citizen supplement the limited development of taxation, in a broad concept that encompasses the support and administration by the citizen of the public. The link between munera and munitio is not etymological but legal, relative to the citizen's obligations with the civitas, which in practice was gradually and randomly replaced, through a system of civil servants and also of contracts on bidding for services.